Symmetrical Retarded Current Source Model for Transient Field Coupling
on Interconnects
Due to the increase of electromagnetic
pollution of the environment by electric and electronic applications on
the one hand, and the tendency towards a decrease of operation levels,
the problem of susceptibility becomes more destinct. Accordingly it is
helpful at early design stages to gain information concerning the noise
levels the logic has to face. Typically, such noise is either coupled directly
into the circuit or is collected by the interconnects and transmitted to
the gates of the circuitry. For estimation of the noise in the latter case
simulation software has become quite popular in recent years. While
field solvers provide more detailed solutions, the modelling as well as
the computational expense is prohibitive for many practical problems. Therefore
many attempts have been made to reduce the effort by mapping the problem
onto simpler approaches. Here, transmission line theory appears to be the
base of one of the most important procedures, mainly due to its widespread
use within the circuit designer and signal integrity community. One of
the most traditional methods of transmission line modelling is based on
the conception of equivalent source models for the signal transition having
the great advantage of mapping the transmission line features onto the
capibilities of a circuit simulator. The coupling of external electromagnetic
fields to interconnects using transmission line theory thus far was restricted
to canonical configurations because the coupling formulation was non--symmetrical.
This means, though the angle of incidence of the plane wave might vary
from the crazing case the perpendicular one, incidence was only allowed
from one ``side'' of the transmission line, typically from the negative
z--direction when the extend of the transmission line is identified with
the positive z--direction. In the following a field coupling procedure
based on retarded equivalent component models for transmission lines is
presented that overcomes this restriction due to its symmetrical nature,
thereby allowing for plane waves being incident from virtually everywhere.
It will been shown that the results obtained by the presented method are
in excellent agreement with those from other methods, but show better computational
performance than those.
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