Electromagnetic Simulation of Real-Life Circuits
The effects of the physical implementation of the layout
on the overall circuit behaviour is analysed for the output stage of a
mobile phone power amplifier module and an FM radio tuner. For this purpose
an equivalent circuit model is generated using a 2.5D BEM electromagnetic
field solver. The most important feature of this EM simulation tool is
that the number of components used to characterise the electromagnetic
structure depends on the electrical size (i.e. ratio between feature size
and wavelength), not geometrical complexity. This allows the electromagnetic
analysis of for instance complete PCBs, whereas other 2.5D planar EM simulators
are restricted to much smaller structures (i.e. small with respect to the
minimum wavelength considered). The simulation results are compared with
measurements. The results show that for the design of the output stage
of the power amplifier layout effect simulation is crucial, while for the
PCB regular circuit simulation is not enough to predict the actual circuit
behaviour accurately above 100 MHz. The simulations including the EM layout
effects show a good agreement with the measurements. Layout effect simulation
can be used to optimize the circuit layout and reduce the design cycle.
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